Dimensions of Community Environmental Health Essay

Dimensions of Community Environmental Health - Essay Example Alcohol intake is a personal choice and the character exhibits the effect of this poison on his physical strength as well as his personality. Steady drinking of alcohol for a long period of time results in the dependence of the brain and also leads to withdrawal manifestation during episodes of abstinence. Alcoholism is a major health hazard and affects normal brain’s chemistry, blood flow to frontal lobes and the nerve cells. Over time, neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine is depleted leading to mood problems, physical weakness, liver pathologies and increasing dependence (A.D.A.M) Smoking is another example of a voluntary source of health hazard that has an effect both on the environment and public health. The tobacco smoke contains 43 carcinogens which are known out of the thousands of chemicals present in it. Although, smokers are exposed to high incidence of lung cancer, voice changes, and other health hazards, but the people who are exposed to the smoke are also at risk. Lung cancer can also occur in non-smokers who are exposed to the tobacco smoke, and it can lead to childhood disorder such as bronchitis and heart disease (Brownson, Eriksen, Davis and Warner 163). Because of the very strong carcinogenic effects, public health measures have progressed over the years. This has resulted in workplace restrictions to smoking, bans on public smoking and even voluntary measures taken in private industries.

A Helpful Hybrid in Search of Integrity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Helpful Hybrid in Search of Integrity - Essay Example Also, there is an abstract, a â€Å"descriptive summary,† at the beginning of this article that has an overall â€Å"sober look† – characteristics that define a scholarly work (ibid., 2011). There is proper in-text referencing and also a comprehensive bibliography at the end of this article, which again is an indication that this is a scholarly resource (ibid., 2011). In the first page itself, there is a description about â€Å"the affiliations† of the author, which suggests that this article is written by a scholar â€Å"who has done research in the field (ibid., 2011). The language of the article is also highly specific to the area of research, which demands certain level of background information from the reader so as to understand it properly. This is yet another indication of it being a scholarly resource. In the review of the previous literature section, this article has reported original past works in the field and has also carried out certain orig inal analysis of the topic. The article published by The Economist (2011) and titled â€Å"Business: The View from the Top, And Bottom; Corporate Culture,† is not a scholarly resource and the source it was published in can be described only as a â€Å"substantive news and general interest† periodical as is classified by the Cornell University website (ibid., 2011). This article is classified so owing to many reasons, they being: 1) there is no abstract; 2) this article is not peer-reviewed; 3) it is not published by any academic publisher; 4) it has no proper referencing and citation; 5) it is not written by a scholar having done background studies on the topic; 6) it is not the outcome of any original research but is only quoting randomly from a recently done research study (ibid., 2011). There is not even an author to this article and it is evident that it is just a quick summary, in the form of news, of a research work carried out elsewhere. The language of this art icle is meant to address laymen rather than those who have some background information on the topic. The article titled â€Å"A Toy Maker’s Conscience† and authored by Jonathan Dee (2007) is not a scholarly resource either. It has been published in a â€Å"substantive news and general interest† periodical such as New York Times (ibid., 2011). A journalist employed by the periodical has written the article and there is no information given on what past research experience on the topic the author has. The very format of this essay does not comply with research writing as there is no abstract given, and there is neither citation of past research work on the topic nor original experimentation or analysis carried out on the topic apart from some personal observations and comments. This article is not peer-reviewed (â€Å"Evaluating Sources,† 2009). The language of the article is meant for light reading and there is nothing serious or scholarly about this artic le. The interview taken and included in this article does not follow the research interview format and the analysis and conclusions made form these interviews do not follow any research methodology. The photograph and advertisements included in the designing of the page in which the article is displayed also suggest that this is not a scholarly resource (â€Å"Distinguishing Scholarly Journals from Other Periodicals,† 2011). The article entitled â€Å"75 Years of Lessons Learned: Chief Executive Officer Values and Corporate Social Responsibility† and authored by Carol-Ann Tetrault Sirsly (2009), which was published in the Journal of Management History, is a scholarly resource because it is peer-reviewed (ibid., 2011). The Journal of Management History, in which it is published, is a peer-reviewed journal and is listed

Plato, The Republic of Plato Essay Example for Free

Plato, The Republic of Plato Essay I thought that Plato’s The Republic was very ambitious in its goals and for the most part, it made a lot of excellent observations about the dynamic of human nature. It is nearly amazing that Plato found things in the ancient times that were not only true in the context of his life, but true for human beings in every period of time. He hit upon the key, core values that each and every person cannot get away from, no matter what their role or place in society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first thing that I found interesting was Plato’s breakdown of society. Though many other parts of his work are transcendent across many different generations, this was one part that only applies to his time frame, or so it would seem. It is fitting that he overplays the role of the warrior in society, since that is what was important during his time. Because of this, his entire dynamic is thrown out of whack in context of how it might be viewed today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He did nail some important points in regards to the human spirit itself, though. By breaking it down into three categories, he made what should have been a difficult idea into one that was very easy to understand. In particular, I found it interesting how Plato addressed money as a motivator. I think that too many authors get caught up in the idea that money is at the root of a lot of actions. Plato, even back then, had it right that money is simply wanted as a means to an end. Most people who seek money do not do so just to have it. Instead, they want it so that they an satisfy the other primal desires that they cannot seem to shake. Plato is also correct that the rational part of a person must be the controlling factor if a person is going to be just. All too often, a person motivated by things or by emotions makes bad decisions and causes pain for others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is interesting to see who Plato praises in his republic and who he puts down. Predictably, he likes to laud the philosophers for their work for the greater good. Plato does not seem to spare any sort of self adulation in this respect. He believes that what he and his fellow philosophers are doing is right. I cannot fault him for this, though. If he did not think it was just, he should stop living his life this way. It was interesting, however, that he chose poets as the one group of people to completely put down in the book. After thinking about it, this is not all that surprising. Poets like to hit on exactly the opposite of what philosophers spend their life championing. They play to the emotional side of people, while the rational side is the most just. In a way, this is a commentary on what Plato finds important in his society. He does not want a bunch of indulgent creatures running around and he does not have any patience for people who go out promoting that type of badness. Instead, he is looking for a republic where people let their rational thoughts guide them to where they need to be. He recognizes emotion as a part of the human dynamic, but does not glorify its position like poets do. That was the most telling part of the entire book.

Communication With Colleagues At Work English Language Essay

Communication With Colleagues At Work English Language Essay Every day at work we have to communicate with colleagues.  Well, if people are nice, then communication has friendly character.  Unfortunately, this it is not always true.  Sometimes, one man can create tensions to the whole team, not only spoil the mood, but also to bring up such unpleasant consequences, such as dismissal.  But such people are sometimes enough to learn to communicate properly, and most of the problems will disappear by themselves. The first unpleasant character is a gossip.  As a rule, these people exude friendliness that initially influences positioning.  But if you submit to this provocation, and tell us about something personal, no later than tomorrow, all your secrets will become public.  A friend shared with colleagues his dream: I want to accumulate some money and buy a car.  Two days later, when the entire department received bonuses, his bonus was much smaller than the amount of the rest.  On the timid questions addressed to the magistrate: Why it happened there wasnt any criticism of my work? Boss was hinted that this employee has a lot of money; because he is going to buy a car.  So, before you speak frankly with the person, look at this issue more closely. Another very unpleasant type of people are brawlers.  They cannot live peacefully, so as constantly need some enemy, even if it is fictional.  Such people are poisoned by the existence of relatives at home and at work colleagues.  A quarrel or explanation of the relationship is not needed.  It is enough to have one hint, even a look and youre waiting for the next flash of anger.  Talking to such people is useless.  The best way is to ignore them completely, but not for the effect, otherwise it will be another cause for scandal.  If suddenly there appears a brawler and has attention on you, at the outset of the conflict it would be better to pretend that suddenly remembered a very important matter, apologize and leave. Returning 15 minutes later, youll probably see that the brawler is calm and even forgot that he wanted to clarify relations with you.  If this method fails, you can try to show such a colleague involved.  Usually, its discouraging such people, and they once and for all leave you alone, as they used to feel like winners, and the role of victim does not suit them. According to Peter Clarke (2005), the main purpose of communication between people is to reach mutual understanding. But its not easy to do.  Why do some people with us communicate easily, and others difficult?  Why with someone we get along, but with someone all the time we quarrel?  Clearly, much easier is to establish relationships with the person with whom there is so-called common ground.   In the art of communication, it is very important to be able to listen and understand someone with whom you speak.  Explaining the people of your intentions and ideas from which you start at the same time, you will be able to prevent many misunderstandings, quarrels and conflicts.  Honesty in a conversation with someone it is often the only way out of conflict.  But the truth must speak out not to humiliate the interlocutor, but rather to elevate his own in his own eyes and to clarify your position. What hinders and what facilitates communication?  Causes of misunderstanding between people can be different: political, religious beliefs, worldview, and psychological characteristics.  However, the main reason lies in the inability to hear each other.  The most important part of communication is listening skills.  If a person listens attentively to his companion, then he is brought up, delves into the problem of the speaker and the like help him properly formulate their t houghts.  Communication is a complex process; it is influenced by various factors: mood; set of circumstances; the nature of man; his sociability; conversely; shyness.  Depending on the type of communication, formal or informal, it is necessary to choose the right demeanor, tone, gestures, words and expressions. According to Carole Hodges (2009), informal communication is communication at home, with parents and friends, formal at work, while studying, with unfamiliar people.  In conversation, we often assume what interferes with understanding.  This is the usage of offensive words and phrases, offensive nicknames, unnecessary cuts.  Attention signs facilitate interpersonal relationships and can soothe and have a lasting impact.  Hello, thank you, please, sorry    these are the simple words have power over our moods.  It is important that they are always present in communication between people at work, in public places. So what is the culture of communication?  If a person is competent to express his thoughts, then he is able to behave with respect for the other party, we say that this man owns a culture of communication. There are rules, implementation of which helps to establish good relations with people: Communication on equal terms, without being coarse and subservience. Respect for the personal opinion of the interlocutor; Lack of desire to find out who is right and who is to blame; Community-level requests, not orders; Search for compromise solutions; The ability to appreciate the decision of another; Ability to accept the experience of others. If a person does not know how to join in the conversation, you should choose any interesting topic for conversation and the time when the person to whom addressed, not occupied any work.  Always remember that the other person is not like you, and we must be able to see things through his eyes, especially in conflict situations.  Respect for the individual is impossible without respect for his point of view, even if it does not converge with yours.  Cultivation ones respect for the people can only be if you learn to see each person individually, that is, those traits that are unique to him. According to Harriet Meyerson (2005), each of us is worthy of respect.  Respecting the other, you respect yourself. Psychologists give good advice, which is: do not forget about the interests of your contact.  Your lively and sincere interest in doing what he is interested in, because he will have animation and enthusiasm. There are some important rules of open and honest conversation with inconvenient companion to be aware of both adults and adolescents: use the word I.  Since the phrase with the words: From my point of view or The way I see it , you are relaxed in conversation and show the other party that there was only my point of view, no claim to ultimate truth.  Thus you will recognize the right to have your own opinion.  Surely, you will listen to people a lot calmer and more attentively. Also, trying to show the other person that his conduct is in the first place. In order to create conditions under which an adult would want to change your behavior, you must try to explain how much they lose in life because of his own behavior. There is a possibility also to ask the other person to change behavior.  It can be explained to him exactly what he can do in this situation in order to fix it.  It is possible that, because you do not want to offend him, it will be quite difficult to tell hi m the truth.  But remember: silent, you can cause him harm. Of course, someone can say that such way of building relationships is too long, but it takes much less time, energy and emotions than the communication of action-reaction, because such talk does not give any result.  Most often, honesty is the best policy in dealing with people.  Its amazing how often we are beginning to communicate with the cunning strategies and tactics while forgetting to try at first just to speak openly.  Honest dialogue is the most effective, simple and reliable means for turning conflict into cooperation. Now I would like to elaborate on the concept of informal communication. Each of us has his own experience of friendship at work.  Although the prospects for such relationships many consider skeptical.  And no wonder!  Informal communication between colleagues suggests a greater openness, the ability to strike a balance between personal and work, the adoption of the inevitable differences in the credentials and prospects (the difference in salary levels of access to information, the rate to move up the career ladder).  Hard tests for the friendship What do you do?  Without claiming to be comprehensive, lets try to answer this eternal question. We must admit that informal communication is an important mechanism that contributes to the relationship between people in any group.  Formally, we will call the communication that takes place in accordance with rules, regulations and instructions, existing in your organization or its subdivision and subject to address the specific challenges facing you. Informal communication this is your kind of relationship with another person, based on mutual acceptance of personal qualities and virtues, which implies a certain level of understanding, harmony, psychological closeness.  It is in these respects satisfies the need for self-realization within the framework of this work, respect and acceptance. According to Stephen Rampur (2010), informal relationships exist on two levels of psychological closeness: the primary and rational. Primary level represents already the impression with the first contact (long acquaintance is not required, a feeling that you know a person a hundred years).  It is characterized by high spontaneity of emotional perception, unawareness and little amenable to volitional regulation.  Rational level is based on an understanding of the similarities attitudes, values, norms and life experiences.  It occurs at a certain stage of relations with the man, understood and controlled by us. It is believed, that a relationships based on shared values and interests are more stable at work rather than relationships based on likes and dislikes.  If you look closely at your existing team of informal relations, they are likely to be secured in one of five forms of interaction: Couple represents the two people that are mutually sympathetic to each other.  Often, one of them is a supplement or companion of another. Triangle shows three people sympathizing with each other, and make up his small, yet very close core group. Square can be formed as a collection of pairs, the relationship between them does not necessarily have the same intensity. Chain is a linear relationship between several people, which under certain conditions can become a source of rumors. Star is based on one leader opinion, to whom are approached several members of the team. Each of these forms of informal communication in one way or another arises in any workplace with a specific purpose namely, the best adaptation to its internal rules and laws of existence. According to Jeanne Segal (2007), in every company, as in any formal group, there are informal relations, which largely determine the climate and the internal atmosphere in the team. Thus, friendships at work and at its end, cooperation and mutual help shape a healthy psychological climate in the company and provide a basis for the development of each member organization and collective as a whole. Psychologists believe that friendship is very good for business if the business grows out of shared interests.  There is no matter how closely you communicate with people on a personal level, formal relations are sensitive, which cannot be discounted.  There is always a risk that one of the friends will show himself as a traitor.  Elucidation of relationships, mutual resentment and claims become the property of the whole team. As a result, suffers a general matter, and friendship.  But the forecast could be optimistic, if a working friendship follows the main rule to clearly separate personal and business interests. That is why, if you are not sure whether that will be able to muster the necessary tact, and comply with the above restrictions, it is better not to take risks and work with friends  in different companies. Taking into consideration mentioned above, I would like to make a conclusion. To be in harmony with yourself and the people around you, you need to create an atmosphere of mutual understanding at work, to build up contacts. Often we get tired, cant avoid conflict situations.  Everybody has many reasons to spoil relations with colleagues. We cannot avoid difficulties at work, because difficult, controversial issues will always exist.  But we can learn the ability to keep ourselves in hand, to live in harmony with people close to us. What is the basis of art communication and what methods to use? First of all, try to relate friendly to everybody; try to create an atmosphere of comfort among friends and colleagues. Do not transfer your home problems to your colleagues.  If you feel stress, or fatigue, use relaxation techniques. Endurance helps to behave you correctly in a conflict situation.  In general, avoid emotional showdown, do not engage in protracted disputes.  But if a conflict occurs, try not to develop it calmly and analyze what can be done to normalize the situation.  Be prepared to compromise for the sake of good relations. In communicating with colleagues, try to be genuinely interested in their affairs, to help when needed.  Listen more than talk.  Limit the desire to condemn anyone who made a mistake.  If you have to solve a complex issue in the service or at home, do not transfer responsibility to others, to develop the habit of self-confident action. Continuing to study the literature on how to work on them, improve their psychological stability.  Perhaps this knowledge will help you choose the right course of action, and will contribute to a pleasant chat with colleagues.

Macbeth the Tragic Hero :: essays research papers

Macbeth the Tragic Hero The most tragic hero was Macbeth. A tragic hero is one who commits an act and suffers tremendously for it. Just as all tragic heroes, Macbeth made decisions that led him to his doom. His actions were influenced by his wife, Lady Macbeth, and the Witches? prophecies. He was greatly haunted by his desire of being King and to remain King. His noble characteristic slowly downgraded to a violent and cruel individual as the story progresses. Macbeth once used to be a brave gentleman. He was well respected around Scotland and earned much trust from almost everyone. When the King said, ?For brave Macbeth ? (1.2.18),? we can interpret that even the King himself respected Macbeth. He goes out to war, defeat enemies, and save his country, his life was put on the line for the entire Scotland. He earned himself the titles Thane of Cawdor and Thane of Glamis. In war, he is a well rounded warrior?he kills many on the battlefield without hesitation. But when he had to kill King Duncan, it took more than courage for him to commit the murder. It might be a cowardly act to murder a King in order to gain his throne, but the courage he mustered in order to actually kill King Duncan was bravery. Added to the fact that King Duncan is Macbeth?s own relative plays an important role on how much it took for Macbeth to kill. But unfortunately, Macbeth used his bravery for evil intents rather than for good. Guilt played a tragic role in Macbeth?s downfall. After killing Duncan, he was haunted by his actions and couldn?t move on without worrying that his murder was going to be exploited. From the quote, ?Will all great Neptune?s ocean wash this blood? (2.2.60),? we can assume that Macbeth was worried of whether or not his guilt will vanquish. There was no turning back for him. As the story progresses, the only solution for maintaining his reign of Scotland was to kill. His close friend, Banquo, was also murdered because Macbeth assumed doing so would be best in order to prevent losing his throne. But little did Macbeth know that he was actually being killed by his own mind and ambitions Another important factor that brought catastrophe to Macbeth was the Witches? prophecies. His superstition was noted by his susceptibility to the Witches? predictions. If the Witches never told Macbeth that he was going to be the King of Scotland, he would have been his ordinary self and not ponder upon those thoughts.

The Soldier Macbeth Is A Hero, The Man Macbeth Is A Coward :: essays research papers

Macbeth is a hero and a coward, often at the same time depending on what meaning of the words you use. Macbeth is the hero of the story but he doesn’t act like a hero, except for a time at the beginning of the play (Act 1 Scene 2). After Macbeth murders Duncan, he doesn’t ever become his heroic self again. Macbeth then becomes a coward, which he demonstrates by killing in cold blood all the people that pose even a small threat to him, including his companion and comrade, Banquo who is suspicious of him, which can be seen in the text. Banquo. Act 1 Scene 3 Line 120 â€Å"That, trusted home, Might yet enkindle you unto the crown Besides thane of Cawdor.† If we were to say Macbeth was a coward in today’s meaning of the word, which is an old one at that and use it in a Shakespearean play, which was written in 1606, we could be seriously misinterpreting the word. The word coward comes from the Latin derivation meaning simply â€Å"tail†, but we can also see this word as meaning not just â€Å"one without courage† (Chambers Dictionary) but also meaning one without pity, objectivity or compassion, which Macbeth shows very few signs of. By killing the king while he was sleeping, Macbeth was displaying some very dire signs of being a coward. Macbeth. Act 2 Scene 1 Line 62 â€Å"I go and it is done; the bell invites me Hear it now Duncan, for it is a knell That summons thee to heaven, or to hell.† Macbeth is blaming others- the Bell- for his cowardly act. But, by using the old meaning of the word, Macbeth would be the tail, but he cannot be, because he is a Thane, which is someone who is wealthy and has lots of land. If we were to say Macbeth was a hero, we could also be misinterpreted. Chambers Dictionary says that â€Å"Hero† coming from the Greek words â€Å"Heros† means that the Hero is â€Å"the principal male figure, who career is the thread of the story†. This meaning would be correct, but hero also can be seen as meaning the saviour of the story who defeats the enemy. Macbeth cannot be seen as acting in a heroic way as he is the one who killed all those people in cold blood and committed regicide in order to obtain the throne. Macbeth can also be seen as acting in a very brave way by even attempting to kill the king, but it is a also very stupid thing to do because if he were to get caught he would almost certainly be killed. The Soldier Macbeth Is A Hero, The Man Macbeth Is A Coward :: essays research papers Macbeth is a hero and a coward, often at the same time depending on what meaning of the words you use. Macbeth is the hero of the story but he doesn’t act like a hero, except for a time at the beginning of the play (Act 1 Scene 2). After Macbeth murders Duncan, he doesn’t ever become his heroic self again. Macbeth then becomes a coward, which he demonstrates by killing in cold blood all the people that pose even a small threat to him, including his companion and comrade, Banquo who is suspicious of him, which can be seen in the text. Banquo. Act 1 Scene 3 Line 120 â€Å"That, trusted home, Might yet enkindle you unto the crown Besides thane of Cawdor.† If we were to say Macbeth was a coward in today’s meaning of the word, which is an old one at that and use it in a Shakespearean play, which was written in 1606, we could be seriously misinterpreting the word. The word coward comes from the Latin derivation meaning simply â€Å"tail†, but we can also see this word as meaning not just â€Å"one without courage† (Chambers Dictionary) but also meaning one without pity, objectivity or compassion, which Macbeth shows very few signs of. By killing the king while he was sleeping, Macbeth was displaying some very dire signs of being a coward. Macbeth. Act 2 Scene 1 Line 62 â€Å"I go and it is done; the bell invites me Hear it now Duncan, for it is a knell That summons thee to heaven, or to hell.† Macbeth is blaming others- the Bell- for his cowardly act. But, by using the old meaning of the word, Macbeth would be the tail, but he cannot be, because he is a Thane, which is someone who is wealthy and has lots of land. If we were to say Macbeth was a hero, we could also be misinterpreted. Chambers Dictionary says that â€Å"Hero† coming from the Greek words â€Å"Heros† means that the Hero is â€Å"the principal male figure, who career is the thread of the story†. This meaning would be correct, but hero also can be seen as meaning the saviour of the story who defeats the enemy. Macbeth cannot be seen as acting in a heroic way as he is the one who killed all those people in cold blood and committed regicide in order to obtain the throne. Macbeth can also be seen as acting in a very brave way by even attempting to kill the king, but it is a also very stupid thing to do because if he were to get caught he would almost certainly be killed.

Google vs Microsoft

In today’s society many people are using the internet more and more to shop online, handle business transactions and surf the web for what interests them. Microsoft and Google are known to many people as internet giants. The two companies compete for business in the internet world by offering similar online business services. Microsoft also offers an array of computer products to consumers and businesses such as Windows 7, Microsoft office and MSN. Google’s main focus of business is its search engine that many people use today to surf the internet. This paper will compare and contrast Microsoft’s and Google’s business model, financial management system and explain which company could better withstand a major recession and at the same time, compare their financial ratios and decide which two companies that would be better to invest in. Microsoft was started in 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen who developed an interpreter for basics programming language systems that has contributed to Microsoft’s being so successful. Microsoft is one of the largest technology companies in the world which specializes in developing and licensing computer software products such as Windows 7, Microsoft office, MSN and Bing. Microsoft’s management team is led by chief executive officer Steve Ballmer who also serves on the executive board, chairman Bill Gates, seven directors, and one chief financial officer which are all non-executive board members. The company has been known for its leadership style through its founder Bill Gates for donating money to many charities and helping the poor. Microsoft is also said to be an innovator for the new-age workplace where work is made to be comfortable, fun and inspiring so that all employees can enjoy doing their work and like to spend their time there as well. Bill Gates did not even finish college but his work ethics are being taught in schools through the world. Microsoft has an excellent track record for innovation because it keep coming up with new technology and devices every year (Datamonitor, a, 2011). On the other hand, Microsoft is in competition with Google and other internet companies over the use of internet search engines. Google was founded in 1998 by two Stanford University graduate students, Sergey Brin and Larry Page. Google is an international technology firm that is concentrated on improving the way people get their information from the internet. Google has three core businesses search, advertisements, and applications. The search engine powered by Google provides information for millions of users every day. It must be determined that information reported to the Google search engine is beneficial to the user; a set of criteria has been developed to serve this purpose. A common method of determining the usefulness of the page for the user is searching the document for keywords. Keywords must be entered to search on Google, and the documents are scanned to determine how often they appear. The more keywords a document has tends to indicate its usefulness to the user. Another evaluating principle for reporting useful pages is the ranking for the page and quality of the site. Websites receive rankings which reflect quality, relevance, and accuracy. Websites who have high rankings and numerous keywords are reported to the user first. This method of obtaining information allows the user to access vital information in a matter of seconds. Search advertisements are used to further assist users, and to offer Google’s main products and services and provide valuable and relevant information for people who use the search engines for answers they seek. Google search engine is like Microsoft’s Bing search engine. Google also sells their product and services in more than 100 languages throughout the world. Google’s management team is led by a chairman Eric Schmidt, a chief executive Larry Page, a director of special projects Sergey Brin which are all executive board members. They also have six directors that are non-executive board members. The company is a leader in that they provide people with valuable information. At the same time, however, Google is a slow innovator in its search engine technology. For example, its search engine has not shown major innovation despite the quality of Google’s searching technology that is absolutely dominating. However, as search engine technology advanced in the past decade the technological gap between Google and Microsoft has decreased more and more as we see with Bing (Datamonitor, b, 2011). On the other hand, by using the financial ratio I believe that Microsoft would benefit more and be able to survive a major economic recession. Microsoft has five divisions within their organization such as Windows & Windows 7, Microsoft business, online services, server and tools, entertainment and devices. According to Datamonitor, a , â€Å"The company’s product under this division include Microsoft Office, Microsoft SharePoint; Microsoft Exchange Server; and Microsoft Dynamics ERP and CRM as well as Microsoft Office Web Apps, which are the online companions to Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint and OneNote† (2011, p. ). This shows that Microsoft has many divisions and products that they can offer to consumers, businesses and investors. This also shows that Microsoft would be better suited to withstand a major recession due to the many products they have to offer unlike Google which only has search engines and advertising to depend on. Therefore as seen in the financia l ratio Google has not made any money nor did it lose any money. Microsoft on the other hand, has made money due to the many products it has to offer. Subsequently, the profitability ratio can tell us a lot about Microsoft and Google performance. The profitability ratio can tell us what each company’s revenue and losses were for the year. It can also tell us about both companies operating budget, debts, stocks, and investments. According to Microsoft’s annual report, â€Å"Windows Division revenue reflected relative performance in PC market segments. We estimated that sales of PC’s to businesses grew approximately 11% this year and sales of PC’s to consumers declined approximately 1%† (2011, p. 50). This demonstrates that by using the profitability ratio Microsoft was able to calculate their gains and losses for the year in the sale of PC’s. This also shows that by using the profitability ratio Microsoft was able to project their sales of PC’s to other businesses. Therefore if someone wanted to invest company like Microsoft they should use the profitability ratio to determine a company’s return on assets and equity to see if it is a good investment. As we can see PC’s sales to businesses grew 11% while consumers PC’s sales weakened by 1% so an investor should put their money in business PC’s. After seeing the profitability ratio of both companies Microsoft would be the company to invest in because they payout more money and make more money per share and to each stockholder. One can agree that Microsoft has done well over the years by them recognizing and using the knowledge base and technological base has been an asset for the company. Microsoft is one of the best companies when it comes to software and programming. Microsoft over the years has realized that their competitors can have an impact on market changes and with this knowledge it has allowed Microsoft to make the required decisions in the market place. The issues and concerns that Microsoft and other organizations face are technology changes and competition. Technology today has surpassed the technology of yesterday. Yet, Microsoft has shown that they can meet these challenges in various areas by meeting these issues and concerns head on. Microsoft oftentimes has restructured some of their well-known operating systems, programs and software to keep up with the changing times. Recently, they have launched Bing and Windows 7. According to Microsoft annual report: Online Services Division (OSD) develops and markets information and content designed to help people simplify tasks and make more informed decisions online, and that help advertisers connect with audiences. OSD offerings include Bing, MSN ad Center, and advertiser tools. Bing and MSN generate revenue through the sale of search and display advertising generally accounts for nearly all of OSD’s annual revenue. (2011, p. 54) This demonstrates that Microsoft would be a great company to invest in because they offer many different products that makes a lot of money. This also demonstrates that Microsoft has seen an increase in revenue due to the fact that they invested in Bing and MSN. Therefore one should also consider the return on current ratio and the dividend payout ratio before making a decision on investing in the company. On the other hand one should also look at the investment valuation before making an investment decision. Investors need to be aware that before they invest in a company such as Microsoft that the likelihood of the problems when it comes to investing occur with large corporations where there is a higher degree of the separation of ownership and management, and thus perhaps an occurrence of a conflict of the goals of the managers and the goals of the shareholders. Aside from doing research on the company itself, doing an evaluation of stock can also prove to be useful. Knowing if stock is overpriced can tip you off, in that you then need to find out why it is overpriced. For example, is the stock overpriced because investors sincerely believe that the stock is good and has potential, or is the stock price high because of current economic conditions. Knowing the answer to such questions will help individuals as investors make better and more informed decisions. According to Google’s annual report: Strategic, financial and execution isks and exposures associated with our business strategy, product innovation and sales road map policy matters, significant litigation and regulatory exposures, and other current matters that may present material risk to our financial performance, operations, infrastructure, plans, prospects or reputation, acquisition and divestitures. (2011, p. 16) This explains that investing in large corporations can be ris ky and, this also explains that you should look, at a company’s investment valuation before investing. The reason why this is so important is because people can lose their money and if they did their homework by using the investment valuation they would see where their money is going and if they are making a wise decision when they invest into a company. In conclusion, Google and Microsoft’s are the world’s most powerful technology organizations that have proven it is possible to excel in the corporate world. The software and programming that Microsoft’s sells is the same product that has proven to be a useful tool for the company. Allocating costs and investing in new technology and recognizing competition including recognizing revenues gain and loss has also proven to be an asset for Microsoft. Google and Microsoft recognize and realize the potential of technology in the ever changing world of business. Google and Microsoft have met the challenges and changes of today’s society. As for Microsoft achieving its goals, the belief is that it has surpassed those goals and is constantly revising technology and products to meet them and new ones in a timely manner. Therefore, making it a company that investors want to invest in. Microsoft, financial aspects has allowed me to decide that it is one of the best companies, to invest in today. While Google on the other hand, must find better innovative techniques so it can gain more capital so that investors want to invest in the company. At the same time Google must keep up with other competitors such as Microsoft so that the company does not be left behind in the future from other competitors stealing their clients. References Datamonitor: (2011 a). Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved from Business Source Complete. Datamonitor: (2011 b). Google Inc. Retrieved from Business Source Complete. Google Annual Report (2011). Retrieved from http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1htm Microsoft Annual Report (2011). Retrieved from www.microsoft.com/investor Appendix